Appendix
Abbreviations
ABU ANSI
API
ARP ASCII
ASP
ATA
ATM BIOS Blob BMP CAD CD
CD-R CD-ROM
CD-RW CDMA
CGI CISC
COB Cmos CMYK Cpu
Arithmetic Logic Unit
American National Standards Institute
Application Program Interface Address Resolution Protocol
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Active Server Page or Application Service Provider
Advanced Technology Attachment
Asynchronous Transfer Mode Basic Input/Output System Binary Large Object
Bitmap
Computer-Aided Design Compact Disc
Compact Disc Recordable
Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
Compact Disc Re-Writable
Code Division Multiple Access
Common Gateway Interface
Complex Instruction Set Computing
Character Large Object
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black Central Processing Unit
CRM
CRT CSS DBMS
DCIM DDL DDR
DFS DHCP
DLL DMA DNS DOS DRAM
DSL
DTD
DV
DVD DVD-R
DVD-RAM
DVD-RW
DVI
DVR
ECC
Customer Relationship Management
Cathode Ray Tube Cascading Style Sheet
Database Management System
Digital Camera Wages Data Definition Language Double Data Rate Distributed File System
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic Link Library Direct Memory Access Domain Name System Disk Operating System
Dynamic Random Access Memory
Digital Subscriber Line Document Type Definition Digital Video
Digital Versatile Disc
Digital Versatile Disc Recordable
Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory
Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
Digital Video Interface
Digital Video Recorder Error Correction Code
wi
FIFO
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gbps Gigabits Per Second
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out
GIS Geographic Information
Systems
GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User Interface
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMI High-Definition Multimedia
Interface
HDTV High Definition Television
HDV High-Definition Video
HTML Hyper-Text Markup Language
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS HyperText Transport Protocol
Secure
I/O Input/Output
ICF Internet Connection Firewall
ICMP Internet Control Message
Protocol
ID.E Integrated Device Electronics
or Integrated Development Environment
IEEE Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers
IM Instant Message
IMAP Internet Message Access
Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
ISDN Integrated Services Digital
Network
ISO International Organization for
Standardization
Internet Service Provider Information Technology Interactive Voice Response
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Java Runtime Environment
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
JSP Java Server Page
Kbps Kilobits Per Second
KVM Switch-Keyboard, Video, and
Mouse Switch
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LIFO Last In First Out
MAC Address-Media Access
Control Address
MANET Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Mbps Megabits Per Second
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital
Interface
MIPS Million Instructions Per
Second
M MS Multimedia Messaging
Service
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System
NIC Network Interface Card
NTFS New Technology File System
OLAP Online Analytical Processing
OLE Object Linking and
Embedding
OOP Object-Oriented
Programming
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
P2P Peer To Peer
PC Presonal computer
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PDF Portable Documelit Format
PF–W Hypertext Preprocessor
PNG Portable Network Graphic
P0P3 Post Office Protocol
PPP Point to Point Proton,‘
PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol Over
Ethernet
PPTP Point-to-Point Funneling
Protocol
PRAM Parameter Random Access
Memory
PROM Programmable Rend-Only
Memory
PS/2 Personal System/2
RAID Redundant Array of
Independent Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RFID Radio-Frequency
Identification
RGB Red Green Blue
RISC Reduced Instruction Set
Computing
RUM Read-Only Memory
RP; Remote Procedure Call
RTE Runtime Environment
RTF Rich Text Format
SAN Storage Area Network
SATA Serial Advanced Teel
Attact iment
SCSI Small Computer System
Interface
SD Secure Digital
SDK Software Development Kit
SCRAM Synchronous Dynamic
SLA Random Access Memory
Software License or Service Level Agreement
Self-Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Technology
SMS. Shot Message Service
SMTP Smiple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Maanagement
Protocol
SOA Service Oriented Architecture
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SQL Strutured Query Language
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SSD SoIR I Slate Drive
SSHI Secure Shell
SSD Service Set. Identifier
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
TCP/IP Transmission Control
Protol/internet [Protocol
TFT Thin-FilmTtransistor
TIFF Tagged Image File Format
TTL. Time To Live
UAT User Acceptance Testing
UDDI Universal Description
Discovery and Integration
UDP User Datanrani Protocol
UML Unified 1\1( Aiding Lanquage
UPnP Universal Plug and Play
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniforrn Resourco Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
UTF’ Unicode Transformation
Format
VCI Virtual Channel identifier
VDU Visual Display Unit
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA Video Graphics Array
VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
VPN Virtual Private Network
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WAN Wide Area Network
| Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
VVWW World Wide Web XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language |
XML Extensible Markup Language
XSLT Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformation |
Famous Scientists and their
Discoveries
- Wil Vander Aalst Business process management, process mining
- Hal Abelson Intersection of computing and teaching
- Serge Abiteboul Database theory
- Samson Abramsky Game semantics
- Leonard Adleman RSA, DNA computing
- Frances E Allen Compiler optimization
- Gene Amdahl Supercomputer developer, founder of Amdahl Corporation
- Bruce Arden Programming language compilers (GAT, MAD), virtual memory
architecture, MTS
- John Vincent Atanasoff Computer pioneer
- Ali Aydar Computer scientist and CEO of Sporcle
- Charles Babbage Invented first mechanical computer
- Rojand Carl Backhouse Mathematics of program construction
- John Backus FORTRAN, Backus-Naur form, first complete compiler
- Rudolf Bayer B-tree
- Steven M Bellovin Network security
- Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web
- Daniel j Bernstein Qmail, software as protected speech
- Manuel Blum Cryptography
- Barry Boehm Software engineering economics, spiral development
- George Boole Boolean logic
- Bert Bos Cascading Style Sheets
- Jonathan Bowen Z notation, formal methods
- David j Brown Unified memory architecture, binary compatibility
- Per Brinch Hansen Concurrency
- sjaak Brink–kemper Methodology of product software development
- Tracy Camp Wireless computing
- Tinton Cerf Internet, TCPJ1P
- Peter (lien Entity-relationship model, data modeling, conceptual model
- Edgar F Codd Formulated the database relational model
- Stephen Cook NP-completeness
- James Cooley Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
- Seymour Cray Cray Research, supercomputer
- Andries van Dam Computer graphics, hypertext
- Christopher j Date Proponent of database relational model
- Richard DeMillo Computer security, software engineering, educational technology
- Dorothy E Denning Computer security
- Vinod Dham P5 Pentium processor
- Whitfield Diffie Public key cryptography, Diffie-Hellman key exchange,
- Edsger Dijkstra Algorithms, Goto considered harmful, semaphore
- Susan Dumais Information Retrieval
- Brendan Eich JavaScript, Mozilla
- Philip-Emeagwali Supercomputing
- Douglas Engelbart Tiled windows, hypertext, computer mouse
- Don Fstridge Led development of original IBM Personal Computer (PC) known
as father of the IBM PC
- Oren Et Toni MetaCrawler, Netbot
- David C Evans Computer graphics
- Edward Felten Computer security
- Tommy Flowers Colossus computer
- Robert Floyd NP-completeness
- Michael Garey NP-completeness
- Seymour Ginsburg Formal languages, automata theory, AFL theory, database theory
- Kurt Godel Computability – not a computer scientist per se, but his work was invaluable in the field
- Adele Goldberg Smalitalk
- Ian Goldberg Crwtographer, off-the-record messaging
- Oded Goldreich computational complexity theory
- Shari Goldwasser Cryptography, computational complexity theory
- Gene Golub – Matrix computation
- Martin Charles Golumbic – Algorithmic graph theory
- James Gosling Java
- Paul Graham Via web. On Lisp, Arc
- Susan L Graham Compilers, programming environments
- Jim Gray Database
- Sheila Greibach Greibach normal form, AFL theory
- Ramanathan T Guha RDF, Netscape, RSS, Epinions
- Neil j Gunther Computer performance analysis, capacity planning
- Peter G Gvarmati Adaptivity in operating systems and networking
- Richard Hamming Hamming code, founder of the Association for Computing Machinery
- Juris Harn–nanis Computational complexity theory
- Martin Hellman Encryption
- James Hendier Semantic Web
- John L Hennessy Computer architecture
- Danny Hillis Connection Machine
- CAR Hoare Logic, rigor, Communicating sequential processes (CSP)
- John Henry Holland Genetic algorithms
- John Hoperoft Compilers
- David A Huffman Huffman coding, used in data compression.
- Watts Humphrey Personal Software Process (PSP), Software quality, Team Software Process (TSP)
- Ivar Jacobson Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group
- Cliff Jones Vienna Development Method (VDM)
- Robert E Kahn TCP/IP
- Avinash Kak Digital image processing
- Richard Karp NP-completeness
- Marek Karpinski NP optimization problems
- Carl Kesselman Grid computing
- Stephen Cole Kleene Kleene closure, recursion theory
- Leonard Kleinrock ARPANET, queueing theory, packet switching hierarchical Routing
- Andrew Koenig C-1
- Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov Algorithmic complexity theory
- Robert Kowalski Logic programming
- John Koza Genetic programming
- Leslie Lamport Algorithms for distributed computing, LaTeX
- Manny M Lehman Laws of Software Evolution
- Max Levchin Gausebeck-Lechin Test and PayPal
- Leonid Levin Computational complexity theory
- Richard j Lipton Computational complexity theory
- Barbara Liskov Programming languages
- Paul Mockapetris Domain Name System (DNS)
- Cleve Mole Numerical analysis, MATLAB
- Edward F Moore Moore machine
- Gordon Moore Moore’s law
- Hans Moravec Robotics
- Mark Overmars Game programming
- David Parnas Information hiding, modular programming
- Yale Pact Instruction-level parallelism, speculative architectures
- David John Pearson CADES, computer graphics
- Alan Perlis Programming Pearls
- Radia Perlman Spanning tree protocol
- Simon Peyton Jones Functional programming
- William H Press Numerical algorithms
- Michael 0 Rabin Nondeterministic machines
- Dragomir R Radev Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval
- Brian Randell Dependability
- Joyce K Reynolds Internet
- Dennis Ritchie C (programming language), UNIX
- Ron Rivest RSA, MD5, RC4
- Colette Rolland REMORA methodology, meta modeling.
- Douglas T Ross Structured Analysis and Design Technique
- Winston W Royce Waterfall model
- Rudy Rucker Mathematician, writer, educator
- James Rumbaugh Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group
- Carl Sassenrath Operating systems, programming languages, Amiga, REBOL
- Mahadev Satyanarayanan File systems, distributed systems, mobile computing, pervasive computing
- Ben Shneiderman Human-computer interaction, information visualization
- Larry Stockmeyer Computational complexity, distributed computing
- Stonebraker Relational database practice and theory
- Olaf Storaasli Finite element machine, linear algebra, high performance computing
- Christopher Strachey Denotational semantics
- Madhu Sudan Computational complexity theory, coding theory
- Bert Sutherland Graphics, Internet
- Andrew S Tanenbaum Operating systems, MINIX
- Avie Tevanian Mach kernel team, NeXT, Mac OS X
- Linus Torvalds Linux kernel, Git
- Godfried Toussaint Computational geometry computational music therory
- Joseph F Traub Computational complexity of scientific problems
- Murray Turoff Computer-mediated communication
- Alan Turing British computing pioneer, Turing Machine, algorithms, cryptology, computer architecture.
- Jeffrey D Ullman Compilers, databases, complexity theory
- Leslie Valiant Computational complexity theory, computational learning theory
- David Wagner Security, cryptography
- Manfred K Warmuth Computational learning theory
| Some Recent Inventions | |
| Equipment Name | Created By
|
| The Stark Hand
|
Mark Stark
|
| The PrintBrush | Alex Breton
|
| Dynamic Eye Sunglasses | Chris Mullin
|
| The Bed Bug Detective
|
Chris Goggin |
| The Medical Mirror
|
Ming-net Pol) |
Intel 805xx Processor series
| Product code | Marketing name(s) | Codename(s) | ||
| 80500 | Pentium | P5 (A-step) | ||
| 80501 | Pentium | P5 | ||
| 80502 | Pentium | P54C, P54CS | ||
| 80503 | Pentium with MMX Technology | P55C, Tillamook | ||
| 80521 | Pentium Pro | P6 | ||
| 80522 | Pentium II | Klamath | ||
| 80523 | Pentium II, Celeron, Pentium II Xeon | Deschutes, Covington, Drake | ||
| 80524 | Pentium II, Celeron | Dixon, Mendocino | ||
| 80525 | Pentium III, Pentium III Xeon | Katmai, Tanner | ||
| 80526 | Pentium III, Celeron, Pentium III Xeon | Coppermine, Cascades | ||
| 80528 | Pentium 4, Xeon | Willamette (Socket 423), Foster | ||
| 80529 | Celeron | Timna (canceled) | ||
| 80530 | Pentium III, Celeron | Tualatin | ||
| 80531 | Pentium 4, Celeron | Willamette (Socket 478) | ||
| 80532 | Pentium 4, Celeron, Xeon | Northwood, Prestonia, Gallatin | ||
| 80533 | Pentium III | Coppermine (cD0-step) | ||
| 80535 | Pentium M, Celeron M 310-340 | Banias | ||
| 80536 | Pentium M, Celeron M 350-390 | Dothan | ||
| 80537 | Core 2 Duo T-series, Celeron M 5xx | Merom | ||
| 80538 | Core Solo, Celeron M 4xx | Yonah | ||
| 80539 | Core Duo, Pentium Dual-Core T-series | Yonah | ||
| 80541 | Itanium | Merced | ||
| 80546 | Pentium 4, Celeron D, Xeon | Prescott (Socket 478), Nocona, Irwindale, Cranford, Potomac | ||
| 80547 | Pentium 4, Celeron D | Prescott (LGA775) | ||
| 80550 | Dual-Core Xeon 71xx | Tulsa | ||
| 80551 | Pentium D, Pentium EE, Dual-Core Xeon | Smithfield, Paxville DP | ||
| 80552 | Pentium 4, Celeron D | Cedar Mill | ||
| 80553 | Pentium D, Pentium EE | Presler | ||
| 80555 | Dual-Core Xeon 50xx | Dempsey | ||
| 80556 | Dual-Core Xeon 51xx | Woodcrest | ||
| 80557 | Core 2 Duo E-series, Dual-Core Xeon 30xx, Pentium Dual-Core E-series | Conroe | ||
| 80560 | Dual-Core Xeon 70xx | Paxville MP | ||
| 80562 | Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx, Quad-Core Xeon 32xx | Kentsfield | ||
| 80563 | Quad-Core Xeon 53xx | Clovertown | ||
| 80564 | Xeon 7200 | Tigerton-DC | ||
| 80565 | Xeon 7300 | Tigerton | ||
| 80569 | Core 2 Quad Q9xxx, Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx, Xeon 3300 | Yorkfield | ||
| 80570 | Core 2 Duo E8xxx | Wolfdale | ||
| 80573 | Xeon 5200 | Wolfdale-DP | ||
| 80574 | Core 2 Extreme QX9775, Xeon 5400 | Yorkfield, Harpertown | ||
| 80576 | Core 2 Duo T9xxx, Core 2 Extreme X9xxx | Penryn | ||
| 80577 | Core 2 Duo T8xxx | Penryn-3M | ||
| 80581 | Core 2 Quad Q9xxx | Penryn QC | ||
| 80582 | Xeon 74xx | Dunnington | ||
| 80583 | Xeon 74xx | Dunnington-QC | ||
| 80584 | Xeon X33x3 LV | Yorkfield CL | ||
| 80585, | Core 2 Solo SU3xxx, Celeron 7xx | 9xx Penryn-L | ||
| 80586 | Atom 2xx, N2xx | Diamondville | ||
| 80587 | Atom 3xx DC | Diamondville | ||
| 80588 | Xeon L3014, | E3113 Wolfdale-CL | ||
Intel 806xx Processor series
| Product code | Marketing name(s) | Codename(s) |
| 80601 | Core i7, | Xeon 35xx Bloomfield |
| 80602 | Xeon 55xx | Gainestown |
| 80603 | Itanium 93xx | Tukwila |
| 80604 | Xeon 65xx, | Xeon 75xx Beckton |
| 80605 | Core i5-7xx, Core i7-8xx, Xeon 34xx | Lynnfield |
| 80606 | canceled Havendale | |
| 80607 | Core i7-7xx QM, Core i7-8xx QM, Core i7-9xx XM | Clarksfield |
| 80608 | canceled | Auburndale |
| 80609 | Atom Z6xx | Lincroft |
| 80610 | Atom N400, D400, D500 | Pineview |
| 80611 | canceled | Larrabee |
| 80612 Forest | Xeon C35xx, Xeon C55xx | Jasper |
| 80613 | Core i7-9xxX, Xeon 36xx | Gulftown |
| 80614 | Xeon 56xx | Westmere-EP |
| 80615 | Xeon E7-28xx, Xeon E7-48xx, Xeon E7-88xx | Westmere-EX |
| 80616 | Pentium G6xxx, Core i3-5xx, Core i5-6xx | Clarkdale |
| 80617 | Core i5-5xx, Core i7-6xxM/UM/LM | Arrandale |
| 80618 | Atom E6x0 | Tunnel Creek |
| 80619 | Core i7-3xxx | Sandy Bridge-EP |
| 80620 | Xeon E5-24xx | Sandy Bridge-EP-8, Sandy Bridge-EP-4 |
| 80621 | Xeon E5-16xx, Xeon E5-26xx, Xeon E5-46xx | Sandy Bridge-EP-8, Sandy Bridge-EP-4 |
| 80622 | Sandy Bridge-EP-8 | |
| 80623 | Xeon E3-xxxx, Core i3/i5/i7-2xxx, Pentium Gxxx, | Sandy Bridge-He-4, Sandy Bridge-M-2 |
| 80627 | Core i3/i5/i7-2xxxM, | |
| 80631 | Itanium 95xx | Poulson |
| 80632 | Atom E6x5C | Stellarton |
| 80637 | Core i5/i7-3xxx, Xeon-E3 | Ivy Bridge |
| 80638 | Mobile Core i5/i7-3xxxM | Ivy Bridge |
| 80640 | Atom Z24xx | Penwell |
| 80641 | Atom D2xxx, Atom N2xxx | Cedarview |
| 80647 | Core i5/i7 – 4xxx | Haswell |
| 80649 | Xeon | Phi Knight’s Corner |
| 80650 | Atom Z27xx | Cloverview |
Generations of Programming Language
- First generation programming language is pure machine code that is just ones and zeros, e.g.0011001110000101001
- Second-generation programming languages are a way of describing Assembly code which you may have already met.
- Third-generation programming languages brought many
programmer-friendly features to code such as loops, conditionals, classes etc. This means that one line of third generation code can produce many lines of object (machine) code, saving a lot of time when writing programs.
- Fourth-generation languages are designed to reduce programming effort
and the time it takes to develop software, resulting in a reduction in the cost of software
development. (SQL), languages to make reports (Oracle Reports) and languages to
construct user interface (XUL)